mangrove associates pdf

The inter tidal vegetation is classified into three categories: 'Major mangroves,' 'Mangrove associates,' and 'Back mangal', on the basis of their morpho-anatomical characters representing adaptation to halophytic condition. They are morphologically adapted with aerial roots and vivipary. There are 54 species of mangroves and 60 mangrove associates worldwide. Mangroves are salt–tolerant forest ecosystems of tropical and subtropical intertidal regions of the world. All content in this area was uploaded by Neethu G Pillai on Sep 15, 2018, Division of Environmental Science, Departm, existing or the introduction of newer population. : AID-OAA-I-12-00038, Task Order AID-OAA-TO-14-00007 . The mangals of South Andaman Island were surveyed for the insect fauna of mangrove associates. Listing under Modern only (second column) means there are no fossils reported from the region. There are 54 species of true mangroves (34 major and 20 minor) worldwide and 60 mangrove associates (Tomlinson, 1996).! PDF 375 KB. These species are considered as mangrove associates. At present, all these species are at serious risk as no systematic attempt has been made to conserve them. : AID-OAA-I-12-00038, Task Order AID-OAA-TO-14-00007 Listing under Modern only (second column) means there are no fossils reported from the region. These three zones have been further categorized into Deltaic, Coastal, and Island habitats following Thom's classification of estuarine habitats. Generally, mangrove species are categorized as ‘exclusive’ species that are limited to the mangrove environment (referred a… Indonesia remains by far the largest mangrove-holding nation, containing between 26 percent and 29 percent of the global mangrove inventory with a deforestation rate of between 0.26 percent and 0.66 percent annually. More details of the mangrove associates, under their respective families, are furnished in this chapter. Contract No. 1999). One of the most common myths is the sacrificial leaf hypothesis. Total number of species of flora and fauna reported in mangrove ecosystems of India (Kathiresan & Qasim, 2005) No. Mangrove Associates Cocos nucifera Hibiscus tiliaceus Pandanus tectorius Pongamia pinnata Total area surveyed 1500m² 1100m² 700m² 1000m² 1100m² Adapted from Naikatini et al. �]�K�� UN�R�B z ���x�6�qt��*�z��qNJ���==�Qdq/���Fq0� ��˹ˈ�h�� ���A>�0�2?��o����Ҿ�+ 0�:��fz�|$�s\��N(�����B{,���y4��3��Qo�U�4��?F��K�oȠ*����` p�@� ��f�-�3���»O�bk��0i ׺��� 1�=ګ,m�(IB,�GQ �s�A2!=DU*Ĭ���4���@�Py�C�e�Lj��!�:�DX��. It is estimated that 20% of mangrove area was lost between 1980 and 2005 (FAO, 2007) though the rate of loss slowed in recent years.About 1850 km 2 were lost annually in the 1980s or 1.4% of the total area and declined to 1185 km 2 /year (0.72%) in the 1990s. (incl. It helps to maintain healthy coral reefs and enhance of the quality of coastal waters. he present investigation was carried on the identification of angrove and mangrove associates in Kannur district of Kerala including their economic-ecological linkages. 1 0 obj Mangrove flora can be categorized as true mangroves and mangrove associates. Mangrove is found at the interface between the sea and dry land in the tropics and sub-tropic regions providing an important link between the marine and terrestrial habitats (Tuiwawa et al. Mangrove CoordinationThe Submerged Lands and Environmental Resources staff located in Tallahassee coordinate the implementation of this program for the department, district offices and delegated local governments. Survey pertaining to the distribution, study concluded that most of the mangrove area within the, district has been facing tremendous threats fro, Missing Role of Women In Mangrove Conservatio, Wildlife Sanctuary. The present study revealed that mangroves in Kumbalam Island are under threat. The entire mangrove habitats are situated in three zones: (1) East Coast, about 4700 km2, (2) West Coast, about 850 km2, and (3) Andaman & Nicobar Islands about 1190 km2, with Lakshadweep Atoll. mangrove associates are glycophytes with certain salt tolerance (Wang et al. The analysis was done following the ethnographic approach (participant observation and in-depth interviews). associates’ or ‘mangrove hybrids’. during 2010-2012 by involving experts, activists, scientists etc. groves, 6 mangrove associates and 10 controversial species). Occurrence of 28 mangrove species and 11 floral associates were found, which identifies the entire bay as one of the most diverse mangrove forests in the country. The parasitoids that emerged during the rearings were also collected. Mangrove Plants of Tamil Nadu 1.0 Introduction Mangroves are woody trees and shrubs that grow in the intertidal zones of tropical and sub-tropical … The mangal formation of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal is highly luxurient, largely free from human intervention and is distributed along the coasts where creeks are formed and in river mouths with muddy formations. There may be no other group of plants with such highly developed morphological and physiological adaptations to extreme conditions. Dehara Dun. <>>> Fossil record of common mangroves (m) and mangrove associates in the Cenozoic of the Gulf/Caribbean region. 153. existing or the introduction of newer population. This enhances a well developed mangrove ecosystem throughout the belt of costal area. - Volume 16 Issue 1 - Norman Myers, Change is an intrinsic property of ecosystems. Table 1. PDF 386 KB. The Philippines has around 44 “true mangroves”. The Godavari Delta, like many other deltaic systems in India, has been highly altered by human activity [32]. According to another estimate, Kerala once supported about 700 km 2 mangroves and what we see now are only relics of a great past (Ramachandran et al., 1985). University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram. In the coastal regions, mangrove ecosystems host and influence biodiversity ranging from microbes to large fish and mammals. diversity of mangroves, and is based on published and technical reports. COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE CONSERVATION VERSUS SHRIMP AQUACULTURE IN BINTUNI BAY AND MIMIKA, INDONESIA . Browse Figures. Published by the International Union for... Change in Natural and Managed Ecosystems: Detection, Measurement and Assessment. Materials and Methods Plant material For the present study, 31 species of mangroves and their associates were included. India. elevations to upper intertidal mangrove species and associates such as Excoecaria agallocha, Talipariti tiliaceum (formerly Hibiscus tiliaceus), Terminalia catappa, and Acanthus spp. Data collection was based on frequent visit to mangroves areas and gathering information from the local activists, scientists and local self government officials. grunt, parrotfish, snapper, barracuda Globally, the IWP and the Atlantic, East Pacific (AEP) have different mangrove species groups (Hogarth, 2007; Spalding et al., 2010). Earlier reports stated that True mangrove species are those that strictly grow in the mangrove environment while associated species may To know the exact plant species composition of mangroves is a basic and important prerequisite to understanding all the aspects of structure and function of mangroves, as well as their biogeographical affinities and their conservation and management (Jayatissa et al. In order to study the distribution pattern of mangrove species, Quadrat analysis was adopted in the study site. 2003a). These data can be used to drive the mangrove research agenda particularly as it pertains to improved monitoring of mangrove carbon stocks and the establishment of baseline local mangrove forest inventories required for payment for ecosystem service initiatives. The salinity of surface water at 4-5 different places in each lagoon/estuary was measured once a three months (i.e. The present investigation was carried out in the mangrove areas of Kerala to document the extent of mangroves, various attributes of plant diversity, causes of degradation and regeneration etc. The relative mangrove diversity (HMD) of each of the 12 habitats is calculated as, RMD=100 × [(Fn+Gn+Sn)/N], where Fn, Gn and Sn are respectively, numbers of families, genera and species, and N = 170 (sum of numbers of families, genera and species in mangrove vegetation of all the 12 habitats in India). Although few ecosystems are totally isolated from anthropogenic influence, those which remain largely unaffected serve as reference systems against which changes in intensively exploited or unmanaged (i.e. 1999. This approach reveals the existence of multiple. The bottom row indicates: mangroves are more affected than mangrove associates in relation to disturbances (a), disturbance increases biological invasion (b), with increasing invasion, propagule availability of mangrove species drops sharply but little effects on mangrove-associate species (c) and with increasing invasive-barrier, occupancy of mangrove-associate species increases (d). Distribution status of these species has been measured using A/F ratio. The results showed that there are thirty (30) major and minor mangrove species; twenty-two (22) mangrove associates and ten (10) specialized groups identified. 5. In the present study, an attempt has been made to distinguish and separated the true mangroves from mangrove associates. The analysis is based on the perspectives of political ecology and ethno-ecology. from mangrove associates in leaf traits and osmotic properties. True mangrove species grow only in mangrove environment and do not extend into terrestrial plant community whereas mangroves associates are found within or in the peripheral areas of mangrove wetlands. Mangroves 39 Mangrove associates 86 Sea grass vegetation 11 Marine algae (Phytoplankton + sea weeds) 557 Bacteria 69 Fungi 102 Actinomycetes 23 Lichens 32 Faunal groups Prawns and lobsters 55 Crabs 134 Insects 705 Mollusks 302 Other invertebrates 740 Fish … We reviewed the geological record of mangroves based on fossil pollen, fruits, and wood evidence of Nypa, Avicennia, Sonneratia, Rhizophoraceae, and mangrove associates to trace the origin, distribution, extinction, and range contraction of paleo‐mangroves during the Late Cretaceous–Miocene time. Every possible space such as tree canopy, root zone, deep … species of true mangroves and mangrove associates in all the sites with different physiognomic aspects in each lagoon/estuary were identified and recorded separately. PDF Abstract. The Philippines has around 47 “true mangrove” and associated species belonging to 26 families. Giri, C., Ochieng, E., Tieszen, L., Zhu, Z., Si, Nicobar Islands, India. Mangrove vegetation in six geographical regions of Kollam on the Southwest coast of India was selected to study the phytosociological characteristics and diversity indices. Comparative accounts of frequency, abundance and density of these true mangrove species has also been made. mangrove associates) and is dominated by Avicennia and Rhizophora spp., except for the Godavari wetlands, where Rhizophora is poorly represented [32]. 3 0 obj ]߼c�7���k�H�E�1\%�z~~�Hg\h��I�j�.���_��������պ.���]�u~�P����i���r��*.���r��e��˼���]~,�Y̦��g�(�L�)�KT̵d���Y�U�2���ۄ�7n����Φ����~ȳa���I�����E�#��i��t�8�������ћ_��-�L�޼��k1�^�W���AڄG�K��,bӻ��ŐJ��4��NHx��2���c��#��� O��"6 Mangroves are unusually recognized as one of the world’s richest ecosystem. considered as mangrove associates. Criteria for selecting appropriate parameters (for example, biocoenoses, community diversity, populations of indicator species or production estimates) are required, together with appropriate techniques for monitoring them. Phytochemistry and phytochemical responses. For effective conservation acceptable rates and directions of change need to be determined. Abstract . %PDF-1.5 8 1.2 Nipa palm Nipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) is one of the most common, widely distributed, and useful palms in the mangrove forests of South and Southeast Asia along riverbanks and in the understory. Mangrove Communities in Mai Po - Mangrove Associates. 05, Issue 08, pp.4035-4038, August, 2018, species in the Indian territories, while Rao. This enhances a well developed mangrove ecosystem throughout the belt of costal area. . We provide a standardized global spatial dataset that monitors mangrove deforestation globally at high spatiotemporal resolutions, covering 99 percent of all mangrove forests. In the present investigation, the diversity and distribution of mangrove vegetation were studied since 2010. In the present study, the AFLP technique has been used for the first time for assessment of genetic diver-sity in 31 species of mangroves and mangrove as-sociates in conjunction with RAPD. Mangrove Acts as an Effective Carbon Sink. Fossil record of common mangroves (m) and mangrove associates in the Cenozoic of the Gulf/Caribbean region. Coastal Marine Life. The number of mangroves in the world has been alarming due to anthropogenic activities that pose a big threat to destruction of the ecosystem and diversity of life in mangrove area. Worldwide, 34 species or so in nine genera in five families are considered “true mangroves” and another 80 or so species occur as “minor components” and “mangrove associates.” True mangroves Thirty-five core-group fungi were recovered on woody lit-ter from different mangroves of India (23 ascomycetes, 1basidiomycetes, and11mitosporicfungi)(Sridhar2005). The species which have been categorized as “mangrove associates” and specialized groups were excluded from the analysis for the following reason; 1) the species under the category of “mangrove associates” and “specialized groups” are not the real mangrove species. Global mangrove deforestation continues but at a much reduced rate of between 0.16 percent and 0.39 percent annually. 4 0 obj The islands mangrove diversity is compared to the neighbouring island nations such as Sri Lanka and Singapore. A detailed floristic account of the mangroves plants of Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary is presented based on the field study. endobj Diversity of true mangroves and their associates in the Kundapura region, Udupi district, Karnataka, Southwest coast of India COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE CONSERVATION VERSUS SHRIMP AQUACULTURE IN BINTUNI BAY AND MIMIKA, INDONESIA . Highest density was recorded for Avicennia officinalis (3760stems/ha), followed by Avicennia marina (3721stems/ha). Mangroves play an important role in buffering coastlines against storm surges and tsunamis through wave attenuation (Kathiresan and Rajendran, 2005, Wolanski, 2007, Barbier et al., 2008, Teh et al., 2009).Studies have shown that the flooded area produced by Hurricane Wilma in … (2014) 11 Figure 1 Mangrove tree distribution across the five sites in Ra Source: Naikatini et al. The possible effects of erroneous mangrove species lists are discussed in the contexts of biogeog-raphy, remote sensing and biological conservation. The m. 2014). Recommended … Nursery Ground Some reef fish require mangrove forest to complete their life cycle: ¾Adult fish migrate to mangrove forest to spawn (lay eggs or larvae) ¾Juvenile fish depend of mangrove roots to serve as a refuge from large predators. The Philippines has Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. on the environmental importance of mangroves and associates _____ Sacrificial leaf hypothesis of mangroves Background Extensive research into the halophytic nature of mangroves has led to as many myths about their physiology as there are documented facts. These species are considered as mangrove associates. Family Species 1 Acanthaceae Hygrophila schulli: A rigid, erect herb with a whorl of 6 sharp thorns at each node, simple leaves and … One of the most common myths is the sacrificial leaf hypothesis. pp 1, classification of Indian mangroves: a revie, Mo E F. 1987. For references to fossil occurrences According to the estimate of this study, the extent of mangroves of Kerala is 2502 ha out of which 1189 ha belongs to the state but 1313 ha is under private ownership. As halophytes, they are physiologically adapted for either salt exclusion or excretion. another 80 or so species occur as “minor components” and “mangrove associates.” True mangroves are ecologically restricted to tidal swamps and form extensive monospecific stands. A total of 15 plant families have been recorded in this island and these are true mangrove and mangrove associates. in different seasons) over one year period. This review examines the recent investigations on the biological activities of extracts and chemicals identified from mangroves (mangroves, mangrove minors and mangal associates). Mangrove Ecosystems: Natural Distribution, Biology an... Economics and Biological Diversity, by Jeffrey A. McNeely. True mangrove species grow only in mangrove environment and do not extend into terrestrial plant community whereas mangroves associates are found within or in the peripheral areas of mangrove wetlands. This necessitates mangrove … Combining distribution pattern in-formation, the 10 controversial species were reclassified. %���� ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication. The absence of favorable attitudes regarding the protection of marine and coastal resources is considered to be an expression of the sharp contradictions that permeate the economic, social and political life of the Urabá region. The mangrove periwinkle lives above the waterline on the prop roots of the red mangrove. In the present investigation, the diversity and distribution of mangrove vegetation were studied in 2015-2016. <> function of Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem, India RUCHI BADOLA* AND S.A. HUSSAIN Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box # 18, Dehra Dun, 248001, India Date submitted: 8 September 2004 Date accepted: 21 February 2005 SUMMARY The ecosystem services provided by mangroves are often ignored in the ongoing process of mangrove conversion. A preliminary step is the development of methods for detecting, measuring and assessing the significance of ecological change. Globally, the IWP and the Atlantic, East Pacific (AEP) have different mangrove species groups (Hogarth, 2007; Spalding et al., 2010). pressure. Carbon emission is the major cause for climate change and global warming. Eighteen communities/associations involving mangroves and associate littoral species, have been identified and their distribution with special reference to the substratum and soil has been given. Climate Economic Analysis for Development, Investment and Resilience . Various studies showed that mangrove vegetation cover only 1,095 ha in Kerala (Kurien, et al., 1994). Socially, afforestation programme would be benefiting people living in coastal areas in terms of protection, environmental services and support for livelihood. Avicennia officinalis is the most common mangrove counted with the highest Important value index (IVI) and Relative IVI; 64.19 and 21.40 respectively. World atlas of mangroves. short-term fluctuations (cyclical or stochastic) and those which are part of long-term, perhaps irreversible, trends. Along the east coast, the least number of mangrove species is present in Tamil Nadu (Deshmukh and Mahalingam, 1991). economic basis. There have been significant changes in the traditional and present uses of resources within the mangrove system, which have implications on its depletion. Present occurrences (first column) are after Gentry (1982) and Tomlinson (1986). stream This paper is chiefly a review work on the extent and PDF 302 KB. About 28 species of true mangroves and 18 mangrove associates have been recorded and many of them are shrubs, shorter than 10m. According to Tomlinson (1986) Mangrove species are broadly classified as ‘true mangroves’ and ‘mangrove associates’. he present investigation was carried on the identification of angrove and mangrove associates in Kannur district of Kerala including their economic-ecological linkages. 3.2 Associate species of Mangroves Sl. Trees and Shrubs of the Maldives 179 Adaptation Mangrove environment is highly dynamic and harsh and mangrove species are variously adapted to cope with these environmental conditions. Rhizophora apicu-lata among the mangrove tree species harbored a maxi-mum of 63 higher marine fungi (Sarma & Vittal 2001).

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